Vehicle frame structural member assembly and method

ABSTRACT

A vehicle frame structural member assembly method includes an elongated frame member and a reinforcement member. The reinforcement member is complementarily arranged adjacent the elongated frame member.

The present application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 15/671,185filed Aug. 8, 2017, which is a continuation of Ser. No. 15/016,960 filedFeb. 5, 2016, which claims priority to U.S. Prov. Patent App. Ser. Nos.62/114,046, filed Feb. 9, 2015, and 62/259,102 filed Nov. 24, 2015, thedisclosures of each being incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Vehicle frames and constructions therefor are increasingly complex asvehicle manufacturers look for new ways to improve structural integrityof the vehicle frame while maintaining and/or reducing the overallweight of the vehicle frame. These are often competing concerns. Thatis, increasing the structural integrity of the vehicle frame (e.g.,improving crash performance) often involves adding weight to the vehicleframe. Conversely, reducing the weight of the vehicle frame must be donecarefully so as to avoid adversely changing the structural integrity ofthe vehicle frame. A number of technologies and methods are known forimproving the integrity of the vehicle frame and some of these are alsoconcerned with limiting the amount of weight added to the vehicle frame.

In particular, current mass production structural design for vehicles isdominated by stamped metal, which uses section size, material gauge andgrade, and typically spot welding to achieve performance requirements.To facilitate fuel economy improvement, supported by weight reduction,new concepts are needed to deliver fundamental weight reduction at areasonable value. Concepts which can avoid exotic lightweight materialsare preferred, particularly those that preserve current manufacturinginfrastructure related to spot welding and stamped metal. One knowncountermeasure is the employment of structural reinforcements. However,the choice of materials and/or execution of designs using suchstructural reinforcements have been lacking thus far.

SUMMARY

According to one aspect, a vehicle frame structural member assemblyincludes an elongated frame member, a reinforcement member and astructural foam. The reinforcement member is complementarily arrangedadjacent the elongated frame member. The reinforcement member is formedfrom a plastic material. The structural foam is attached to thereinforcement member.

According to another aspect, a vehicle frame structural member assemblymethod is provided. More particularly, according to one aspect, themethod includes attaching a structural foam to a reinforcement memberand complementarily positioning the reinforcement member adjacent anelongated frame member. The reinforcement member is formed from aplastic material.

According to still another aspect, a vehicle frame structural memberassembly includes an elongated frame member, a fiber reinforced plasticreinforcement member and a structural foam. The fiber reinforced plasticreinforcement member is complementarily positioned adjacent theelongated frame member for reinforcing the elongated frame member. Thestructural foam is overmolded onto the reinforcement member.

According to still yet another aspect, an internal reinforcementincludes an elongate body including a base positioned opposite a crown,a shelf extending along the crown and a compressive member extendingalong the base. The shelf includes a surface positionable parallel to afirst leg of a concave frame structure. The compressive member includesa first wall with a surface positionable parallel to a second leg of theconcave frame structure.

According to a further aspect, a vehicle frame structural memberassembly includes an elongated structural member and a reinforcementpositioned in a hollow chamber of the hollow structural member. Theelongated structural member includes a concave frame member having abody with a first leg and a second leg extending therefrom, and an innerframe member extending from the first leg to the second leg. Theelongated frame member and the inner frame member define the hollowchamber therein. The reinforcement includes an elongate body having abase positioned opposite a crown, a shelf extending along the crown anda compressive member extending along the base. The shelf includes asurface positioned parallel to the first leg of the concave framemember. The compressive member includes a first wall with a surfacepositioned parallel to the second leg of the concave frame member. Thevehicle frame assembly further includes a first adhesive positionedbetween the shelf and the first leg and a second adhesive positionedbetween the first wall and the second leg.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded partial perspective view of a vehicle framestructural member assembly according to an exemplary embodiment shownincluding an elongated frame member and a reinforcement member ready tobe assembled onto the elongated frame member.

FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view taken at the line 2-2 of FIG. 1showing a clip structure extending from the reinforcement member forsupporting an attachment clip and a sunroof drain tube.

FIG. 3 is a rear side perspective view of the component shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 4-4 of FIG. 1 butshown in an assembled state with inner and outer frame members securedto the elongated frame member.

FIGS. 5A-5D are cross-sectional views similar to FIG. 4 butschematically showing a manufacturing process wherein the reinforcementmember is complementarily positioned adjacent the elongated frame memberand secured thereto.

FIG. 6 is a process flow diagram illustrating a vehicle frame structuralmember assembly method according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a known vehicle frame structuralmember assembly.

FIG. 8A is a schematic view of an injection molding process for moldinga reinforcement member according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 8B is another schematic view of the injection molding process ofFIG. 8A.

FIG. 9A is a schematic view of a molding process using a fabric formolding a reinforcement member according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 9B is another schematic view of the injection molding process ofFIG. 9A.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an injection molding process showing afeed gate positioned at the center or middle of a reinforcement memberbeing injection molded.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a reinforcement member aligned witha resin feed gate according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing a diameter area on a reinforcementmember of a vehicle frame structural member assembly according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing a reinforcement member arrangedrelative to sequential resin feed gates according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 4 but showing avehicle frame structural frame assembly according to an alternateexemplary embodiment.

FIGS. 15A, 15B and 15C are schematic views of inner frame membersaccording to various exemplary embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 7 illustrates a known vehicle frame structural member assemblygenerally indicated by reference numeral 10. As will be understood andappreciated by those skilled in the art, the illustrated assembly can bethe A-pillar, and particularly an upper section of the A-pillar disposedalong a vehicle windshield (not shown). The assembly 10 includes anouter frame member 12 having mating flanges 12 a, 12 b and an innerframe member 14 having mating flanges 14 a, 14 b. As is known, themating flanges 12 a, 12 b and 14 a, 14 b can be spot welded to oneanother to form the closed profile structural member assembly 10. Theassembly 10 further includes an internal stiffener or reinforcement 16comprised of an outer stiffener member 18 having mating flanges 18 a, 18b and an inner stiffener member 20 having flanges 20 a, 20 b.

As shown, the mating flange 18 a can be sandwiched between the matingflanges 12 a, 14 a of the inner and outer frame members 12, 14.Likewise, the mating flange 18 b can be sandwiched between the matingflanges 12 b, 14 b of the outer and inner frame members 12, 14.Accordingly, the mating flanges 18 a, 18 b can be spot welded togetherwith the mating flanges 12 a, 12 b, 14 a, 14 b as is known andunderstood by those skilled in the art. The flanges 20 a, 20 b of theinner stiffener member 20 can be welded to, respectively, lower andupper sections 18 c, 18 d of the outer stiffener member 18 as shown.

The outer frame member 12, the inner frame member 14, the outerstiffener member 18 and the inner stiffener member 20 generally comprisethe components of the assembly 10. These components are each typicallyformed of a metal, such as steel or aluminum. Conventionally, these arestamped metal pieces. To provide desired performance characteristics,these components tend to be formed of stamped steel and have relativelythick gauges. For example, the outer frame member 12 can be formed of amild steel having a gauge of 0.65 mm to 0.75 mm (e.g., 0.7 mm), theinner frame member 14 can be formed from an advanced high strength steel(AHSS) sheet having a gauge of 1.8 mm to 2.33 mm (e.g., 1.8 mm), theouter stiffener member 18 can be formed from an ultra-high strengthsteel (UHSS) sheet having a gauge of 1.6 mm to 2.00 mm (e.g., 1.6 mm)and the inner stiffener member 20 can be formed from an AHSS sheethaving a gauge of 2.0 mm to 2.3 mm (e.g., 2.0 mm).

Referring now to FIGS. 1-4 wherein the showings are for purposes ofillustrating one or more exemplary embodiments and not for purposes oflimiting the same, a vehicle frame structural member assembly accordingto an exemplary embodiment is generally designated by reference numeral30. As shown, the assembly 30 includes an elongated frame member 32(also referred to as a concave frame structure) and a reinforcementmember 34 complementarily arranged adjacent the elongated frame member32. As shown, the elongated frame member 32 of the assembly 30 can be anA-pillar frame member with the reinforcement member 34 disposed along anupper or windshield portion of the A-pillar frame member (as best shownin FIG. 1). In one embodiment, the elongated frame member 32 can besimilar to the stiffener member 18 of the known design, though theelongated frame member 32 can be of a reduced gauge thickness due to theperformance enhancing characteristics of the reinforcement member 34and/or the various structural advantages of the assembly 30 that will bedescribed in further detail below. Thus, the elongated frame member 32can be a stamped metal member, such as a stamped steel or stampedaluminum member. In an exemplary embodiment, the elongated frame member32 is formed via hot stamping of a high strength boron-containing steelhaving an aluminum silicate coating. An example of such a steel with anAlSi coating is commercially available under the designation Usibor®1500 from ArcelorMittal.

As will be described in further detail below, the reinforcement member34, which can also be referred to as an internal reinforcement, has anelongate body 34 a that can be formed from a polymeric material. In oneembodiment, the reinforcement member 34 is formed from a fiberreinforced plastic including a plastic matrix material that encapsulatesa fiber material. Polymeric materials include, but are not limited to,nylon, polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyethylene, or others. Thepolymeric material may be filled or unfilled. For example, the polymericmaterial may be filled with glass, carbon, or other reinforcementfibers. In another example, the matrix material can be nylon and/or thefiber material can be a plurality of glass fibers. As a more specificexample, the matrix material can be nylon that is PA66 or better and/orthe glass fibers can be provided in different lengths. In anotherspecific example, the plastic component of the matrix material can benylon PPA (polyphthalamide), nylon PA9T (poly 1,9-nonamethyleneterephthalamide), or some other nylon having a relatively high glasstransition temperature (Tg), such as relative to nylon PA66.

Additionally, as best shown in FIG. 4, the assembly 30 can include astructural foam 36 attached to the reinforcement member 34. Thestructural foam 36 can be a heat activated epoxy foam. The structuralfoam 36 can be overmolded onto the reinforcement member 34 to therebyattach the structural foam 36 to the reinforcement member 34. In oneembodiment, the structural foam 36 is a heat activated epoxy foam thatis initially overmolded onto the reinforcement member 34 and later heatactivated to expand and bond with the reinforcement member 34. Forexample, the structural foam 36 can be a heat-activated epoxy-basedresin having foamable characteristics upon activation through the use ofheat such as is received in an e-coat or other automotive/vehicle paintoven operation. In particular, as the structural foam 36 is heated, itexpands, cross-links, and structurally bonds to adjacent surfaces. Anexample of a preferred formulation is an epoxy-based material that mayinclude polymer modificis such as an ethylene copolymer or terpolymerthat is commercially available from L&L Products, Inc. of Romeo, Mich.,under the designations that include L-5204, L-5207, L-5214, L-5234,L-5235, L-5236, L-5237, L-5244, L-5505, L-5510, L-5520, L-5540, L-5573or combinations thereof. Such materials may exhibit properties includingrelatively high strength and stiffness, promote adhesion, rigidity, andimpart other valuable physical and chemical characteristics andproperties. In one exemplary embodiment, the structural foam is thecommercially available material sold under the designation L-5520 by L&LProducts, Inc., or an equivalent material. In another exemplaryembodiment, the structural foam is the commercially available materialsold under the designation L5505 by L&L Products, Inc., or an equivalentmaterial. This latter exemplary embodiment (i.e., using L5505) canimpart higher energy absorption characteristics and/or a higher peakload limit to the assembly 30 as compared to the former exemplaryembodiment (i.e., using L5520).

The assembly 30 can further include an inner frame member 38 havingmating flanges 38 a, 38 b that mate with inner sides 40, 42 of matingflanges 32 a, 32 b of the reinforcement member 34. As shown in theillustrated embodiment, the structural foam 36 can be interposed betweenthe reinforcement member 34 and the inner frame member 38. Optionally,the inner frame member 38 can be constructed the same or similar to theinner frame member 14 of the known assembly 10. The assembly 30 canadditionally include an outer frame member 44 having mating flanges 44a, 44 b that mate with outer sides 46, 48 of the mating flanges 32 a, 32b of the reinforcement member 34 on an opposite side of thereinforcement member 34 relative to the mating flanges 38 a, 38 b of theinner frame member 38. As shown, the outer frame member 44 can beconstructed the same or similar as the outer frame member 12 of theknown assembly 10.

With reference to FIGS. 15A, 15B and 15C, partial schematic views ofseveral variations of inner frame members are shown according toexemplary embodiments. Each of these can be applied to the inner framemember 38 (or the inner frame member 338 of FIG. 14). In particular,FIG. 15A shows the inner frame member 38 having a notch 38 c disposedalong the flange 38 a. In one embodiment, the notch 38 c is disposed ator near a midpoint of the inner frame member 38 relative to alongitudinal extent of the inner frame member 38 for imparting adeformation zone to the inner frame member 38 at or near the midpoint ofthe inner frame member 38. As shown, the inner frame member 38 of FIG.15A can define a plurality of apertures, which in the illustratedembodiment includes an elongated apertures 38 d, 38 e than can be trimmounting holes, a round aperture 38 f that can be a harness mountinghole and aperture set 38 g that can be for mounting an orienting a sidecurtain airbag (not shown). Of course, more or fewer apertures could beprovided and/or any of the provided apertures can vary in shape, size,function, etc. Weld locations W are schematically shown disposed inspaced apart relation along the flanges 38 a and 38 b. In particular, inFIG. 15A, the weld locations W are spaced apart equally along theflanges 38 a and 38 b (i.e., the spacing between adjacent weld locationsis generally constant).

FIG. 15B shows a variation for the inner frame member 38 (or the innerframe member 338 of FIG. 14). In particular, the inner frame member 38of FIG. 15B does not include a notch and includes the apertures 38 d-38g rearranged and/or repositioned relative to those of FIG. 15A. Inparticular, the round aperture 38 f is moved so as to be located betweenthe elongated apertures 38 d and 38 e. This arrangement moves thedeformation zone away from the midpoint of the inner frame member (e.g.,slightly to the left in FIG. 15B). The weld locations W and relativespacing therebetween are shown as being the same in FIG. 15B as shown inFIG. 15A.

FIG. 15C shows a further variation for the inner frame member 38 (or theinner frame member 338 of FIG. 14). In particular, in FIG. 15C, theinner frame member 38 again does not include a notch and includes theapertures 38 d-38 g rearranged and/or repositioned relative to those ofFIGS. 15A and 15B. In particular, the elongated aperture 38 d is movednearer to the left side end shown in FIG. 15C, the elongated aperture 38e is moved to the approximate midpoint of the inner frame member 38 andthe round aperture 38 f is moved nearer the right side end shown in FIG.15C (i.e., round aperture 38 f can be at the same location between FIGS.15A and 15C). Also, the weld locations W and the relative spacingtherebetween are varied in FIG. 15C relative to FIGS. 15A and 15B. Inparticular, no weld locations are provided at or near the midpoint ofthe inner frame member 38 of FIG. 15C. The positioning of the apertures38 d-38 g and/or the lack of centrally located weld locations imparts adeformation zone to the inner frame member 38 at or near the midpoint ofthe inner frame member 38 without the need for a notch (e.g., notch 38 cof FIG. 15A).

Of course, other variations are possible and the foregoing is onlyprovided as non-limiting examples to show that notching, aperturelocation/positioning and/or weld location/spacing can be varied toimpart the deformation zone to desired locations (e.g., centrally) onthe inner frame member 38. It should be understood that other notches(including other sized notches and/or configurations), apertures,aperture locations and/or weld locations could be used to impart desireddeformation characteristics to the inner frame member 38.

As best shown in FIG. 4, reinforcement member 34 includes a base 56positioned opposite a crown 58. In particular, the base 56 is formed bya lower wall 50 and an inner wall 54, the inner wall 54 extending awayfrom the lower wall 50. The lower wall 50 mates against a lower section52 of the elongated frame member 32, an upper section 60 and the lowersection 52 of the elongated frame member 32 together form the elongatedframe member 32 as a concave frame structure and are alternatelyreferred to as first and second legs of the concave frame structure,respectively. The inner wall 54 extends away from the lower section 52of the elongated frame member 32. The reinforcement member 34 alsoincludes the crown 58 formed by and alternatively referred to as anupper wall. The upper wall 58 mates against the upper section 60 of theelongated frame member 32. The reinforcement member 34 further includesan angled wall 62 extending upward from the inner wall 54, andparticularly upward from a distal portion 54 a of the inner wall 54relative to the lower wall 50, to an outer end 58 a of the upper wall58. The upper wall 58 can be referred to as a shelf and has a surface 58b positionable parallel to the upper section 60, which can also bereferred to as a first leg. As shown, adhesive 64 can be interposedbetween the lower wall 50 and the lower section 52 of the elongatedframe member 32. Likewise, adhesive 66 can be interposed between theupper wall 58 and the upper section 60 of the elongated frame member 32.

The adhesive 64 and/or the adhesive 66 can have one component or twocomponents. Suitable two-component adhesives can be room temperaturecuring or precuring two-component epoxy resin adhesives or polyurethaneadhesives or (meth)acrylate adhesives. Room temperature precuringtwo-component epoxy resin adhesives or polyurethane adhesives or(meth)acrylate adhesives can be epoxy resin adhesives or polyurethaneadhesives or (meth)acrylate adhesives which consist of two components,the mixing of which causes a reaction between the components, thusachieving at least a certain degree of crosslinking (“precured” or“precrosslinked”). Such adhesives are capable, in a further curing step,of reacting further, for example at elevated temperatures. Theseadhesives can have so-called precuring or pregelation in the firststage, and a heat-curing reaction stage atelevated temperature.Two-component epoxy resin adhesives can have a resin componentcomprising a glycidyl ether, a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and/orbisphenol F. In addition, they can have a hardener component comprisingpolyamines and/or polymercaptans. Such two-component epoxy resinadhesives can cure rapidly at room temperature after mixing of the twocomponents, and are known to those skilled in the art. Two-componentpolyurethane adhesives can have polyisocyanates in one component, suchas in the form of prepolymers having isocyanate groups, and polyolsand/or polyamines in a second component. Such two-component polyurethaneadhesives can cure rapidly at room temperature after mixing of the twocomponents and are known to those skilled in the art. Two-component(meth)acrylate adhesives can have acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acidand/or esters thereof in one component. The second component cancomprise a free-radical former, such as a peroxide. Such two-component(meth)acrylate adhesives cure rapidly at room temperature after mixingof the two components and are known to those skilled in the art.

As is known by those skilled in the art, room temperature curingtwo-component adhesives can also be cured under the influence of heat.This can lead to a more rapid reaction and thus to a shortening of theperiod of time until an adhesive bond produced therewith can be stressedwith forces. Moreover, a heat treatment of such room temperature curingtwo-component adhesives can lead to higher strengths compared to thosewhich do not undergo any such heat treatment.

In one exemplary embodiment, the adhesive 64 and/or the adhesive 66 canalso be a heat-curing one-component epoxy resin adhesive. An exampleheat-curing one-component epoxy resin adhesive can comprise at least oneepoxy resin and at least one thermally activable catalyst or a hardenerB for epoxy resins which is activated by elevated temperature. Heatingof such a one-component heat-curing one-component epoxy resin adhesivecauses crosslinking. The heating is effected typically at a temperatureof more than 70° C. Exemplary adhesives of this type include thosecommercially available in the SikaPower® product line from SikaAutomotive AG of Switzerland, including adhesives sold by SikaAutomotive AG under the designation SikaPower® 961 and SikaPower® 968.Preference may be given to the adhesive sold under the designationSikaPower® 968 as this adhesive has an adhesive strength that allowsfailure between adhered components in the assembly 30 to occur in theadhesive 64 or 66 and not in the components that are adhered together(e.g., not in the elongated frame member 32, such as between aboron-containing steel and its aluminum silicate coating).

As shown, the elongate body 34 a of the reinforcement member 34 includesthe base 56 positioned opposite the crown 58. The upper wall 58 forms ashelf that extends along the crown 58 that includes a surface 58 b (FIG.2) that is positionable parallel to the upper section 60, which can alsobe referred to as a first leg of the elongated frame member 32. Theelongate body 34 a further includes a first side 34 d positionedopposite a second side 34 e. The shelf (i.e., the upper wall 58) extendsoutward from the first side 34 d.

As best shown in FIG. 2, a compressive member 68 extends along the base56. The compressive member 68 includes the lower wall 50, which can bereferred to as a first wall of the compressive member 68, having asurface 50 a positionable parallel to the lower section 52 of thereinforcement member 32. The lower wall 50 extends outward from thesecond side 34 e. The compressive member 68 also includes the inner wall54, which can be referred to as a second wall of the compressive member68, and an energy absorbing structure 68 a extending between the firstwall 50 and the second wall 54. In the illustrated embodiment, theenergy absorbing structure 68 a is a honeycomb structure formed ofhoneycomb patterned walls 68 b.

In the illustrated embodiment, the honeycomb structure 68 a can bedisposed between the lower wall 50 and the inner wall 54.Advantageously, the honeycomb structure 68 a efficiently distributescompressive loads in the reinforcement member 34. Along a longitudinallength of the reinforcement member 34, the thickness or gauge of thewalls 68 b forming the honeycomb structure 68 a can have varying wallthicknesses. For example, referring to FIG. 1, the honeycomb structure68 a located along a central portion 70 can have a first thickness thatis different or varies relative to the honeycomb structure 68 a disposedalong flanking portions 72, 74. By way of example, the wall thickness ofthe honeycomb structure 68 a along the central portion 70 can be 1.5 mmand the honeycomb structure 68 a along the flanking portions 72, 74 canbe 2.0 mm. Arranging the honeycomb structure 68 a with differingthicknesses can be strategically determined to get desired deformationfrom the assembly 30 at a desired location or locations therealong.

Again as best shown in FIG. 4, a larger cross-sectional area orthickness may be provided adjacent or at the apex 76 defined by thelower wall 50 and the inner wall 54. This has the benefit of betterorienting long fibers, such as glass fibers, within the reinforcementmember 34 along the longitudinal length thereof. Thus, the configurationof the reinforcement member 34 at the lower wall 50 and the inner wall54 is sufficiently thick to orient the fibers, including also providingan area for an injection mold gate (not shown). More particularly, thisconfiguration allows for more highly oriented flow with reduced shearstress during the injection molding process. This increases thelikelihood that longer fibers will be parallel with a longitudinallength of the reinforcement member 34, particularly at or near the apex76. With reference to FIG. 3, apertures, such as recesses or pockets 78,can be defined in the inner wall 54 near a lower edge 54 a. As shown,the recesses 78 can have an “ice cube tray” configuration. These canassist in providing a varying contour to which the structural foam 36can be overmolded during the overmolding step wherein the structuralfoam 36 is attached to the reinforcement member 34 and can reduce thepotential for abnormal shrinkage or cracking.

A plurality of spaced apart ribs 80, which can also be referred to as aplurality of reinforcements, can be distributed along the longitudinallength of the reinforcement member 32. In the illustrated embodiment,the ribs 80 protrude from both sides of the angled wall 62 as shown.Also in the illustrated embodiment, a plurality of spaced part apertures82 can be defined through the angled wall 62 and arranged between thespaced apart ribs 80.

In the illustrated embodiment, the reinforcement member 34 additionallyincludes clip structures 90, 92 extending toward the elongated framemember 32. In particular, in the illustrated embodiment, the clipstructures 90, 92 are integrally formed with the spaced apart ribs 80and can be referred to as integrally molded clip structures, though thisis not required. Each of the clip structures can be at least one of: adrain tube clip that includes an aperture in which a sunroof drain tubeis accommodated and/or an attachment clip that provides an attachmentflange with an aperture in which an attachment clip is accommodated. Forexample, in the illustrated embodiment, the clip structures 90 areattachment clips that provide attachment flanges 94 with apertures 96defined therein in which an attachment clip 98 is accommodated.

As shown, the attachment clip 98 can be used to at least temporarilysecure the relative position of the reinforcement member 34 on theelongated frame member 32, such as during assembly of the elongatedframe member 32 and the reinforcement member 34. More particularly, eachattachment clip 98 can be received through a respective aperture 96 of arespective attachment flange 94 and then received through a respectiveaperture 100 defined in the elongated frame member 32. An exemplaryfunction for the attachment clips 98 is to temporarily secure thereinforcement member 34 in position on the elongated frame member 32until the adhesive 64, 66 and/or the structural foam 36 cures topermanently secure the reinforcement member 34 in position on theelongated frame member 32.

The clip structures 90 additionally are drain tube clips that include anaperture 102 in which a sunroof drain tube 104 is accommodated. Incontrast, the clip structure 92 is only a drain tube clip that includesan aperture (not shown) in which the sunroof drain tube 104 isaccommodated. Though not shown in the illustrated embodiment, thereinforcement member 34 could include clip structures that are onlyattachment clips and not drain tube clips.

With reference now to FIG. 14, a vehicle frame structural memberassembly 330 is shown in cross section according to an alternateexemplary embodiment. Except as indicated hereinbelow and/or shown inFIG. 14, the assembly 330 can be the same or similar to the assembly 30described above in reference to FIG. 1-4. More particularly, theassembly 330 of FIG. 14 can include an elongated frame member 332 and areinforcement member 334 complementarily arranged adjacent the elongatedframe member 332. With the exception of the variance in shape shown inFIG. 14, the elongated frame member 332 can be like the elongated framemember 32 of FIG. 4. Likewise, with the exception of the variance inshape shown in FIG. 14, the reinforcement member 334 can be like thereinforcement member 34 of FIG. 4. Though not shown, the reinforcementmember 334 can include spaced apart ribs and spaced apart rib apertureslike those (e.g., ribs and apertures 80, 82) of the assembly 30 of FIG.4. Additionally, the assembly 330 can include a structural foam 336 thatis like the structural foam 36. In particular, the structural foam 336can be overmolded onto the reinforcement member 334 to attach thestructural foam 336 to the reinforcement member 334.

Further, the assembly 330 can include an inner frame member 338 that isthe same or similar to the inner frame member 38 of FIG. 4, and caninclude an outer frame member 344. The outer frame member 344 can belike the outer frame member 44 of FIG. 4 but, as shown in FIG. 14, theouter frame member 344 can have a different shape and can have a matingflange 344 a arranged to overlap a lower section 352 of the elongatedframe member 332 and not mate directly with flange 332 a of theelongated frame member or flange 338 a of the inner frame member 338.The shape changes to the elongated frame member 332 and the outer framemember 344 and/or the altered location to which the flange 344 aoverlaps onto the elongated frame member 332 significantly increases thepeak force of the assembly 330 (i.e., the force at which the assembly330 will fail) and significantly increases the energy absorption of theassembly 330.

With reference now to FIGS. 5A-5D and FIG. 6, a vehicle frame structuralmember assembly method will now be described. In particular, the methodcan be used with the vehicle frame structural member assembly 30described hereinabove and will be described with reference thereto,though this is not required and other vehicle frame structural memberassemblies can be used. In the method of FIG. 6, at S200, structuralfoam 36 is attached to reinforcement member 34, which can be formed froma plastic material. The attaching of the structural foam 36 to thereinforcement member 34 in S200 can include overmolding the structuralfoam 36 onto the reinforcement member 34. In particular, the structuralfoam 36 can be overmolded onto the inner wall 54 of the reinforcementmember 34 and at least a portion of the structural foam 36 can bereceived within the apertures 78 defined in the inner wall 54.Optionally, and not shown in FIG. 6, the sunroof drain tube 104 can beattached to the reinforcement member 34. This can include installing thesunroof drain tube 104 in the apertures 102 of the clip structures 90.

Next, at S202, the reinforcement member 34 can be complementarilypositioned adjacent elongated frame member 32. Complementarilypositioning the reinforcement member 34 adjacent the elongated framemember 32 in S202 can include aligning the reinforcement member 34 alongthe elongated frame member 32. In addition or in the alternative,complementarily positioning the reinforcement member 34 in S202 caninclude temporarily securing the reinforcement member 34 to theelongated frame member 32 as shown in FIG. 5B.

Temporarily securing the reinforcement member 34 in S202 can includeapplying the adhesive 64, 66 to at least one of the reinforcement member34 and the elongated frame member 32. In particular, and as best shownin FIG. 5A, the adhesive 64, 66 can be applied as beads 64 a, 64 b, 66a. More specifically, beads 64 a, 64 b can be applied to the lowersection 52 of the elongated frame member 32 and the beads 66 a can beapplied to the upper section 60 of the elongated frame member 32. Thoughnot shown in the illustration in FIG. 5A, in the alternative or inaddition, beads of the adhesive 64, 66 could be applied to thereinforcement member 34 instead of or in addition to the beads 64 a, 64b, 66 a being applied to the elongated frame member 32.

Alternatively or in addition, and as shown in FIG. 5B, temporarilysecuring the reinforcement member 34 to the elongated frame member 32 inS202 can include mechanically fastening the reinforcement member 34 tothe elongated frame member 32. For example, this can be achieved byreceipt of the attachment clips 98 in the apertures 100 of the elongatedframe member 32. Notably, the attached structural foam 36 remains in thenon-expanded state, as illustrated in FIGS. 5A and 5B.

The method of FIG. 6 can additionally include installing the outer framemember 44 at S204 and installing the inner frame member 38 at S206.Installing the outer frame member 44 at S206 can be done by welding themating flanges 44 a, 44 b of the outer frame member 44 to the outersides 46, 48 of the mating flanges 32 a, 32 b of the elongated framemember 32. Installation of the inner frame member 38 at S206 can includewelding mating flanges 38 a, 38 b of the inner frame member 38 to innersides 40, 42 of the mating flanges 32 a, 32 b of the elongated framemember 32. FIG. 5C shows the inner frame member 38 installed andcontinues to show the structural foam 36 in the non-expanded state. Oncethe inner frame member 38 is installed, the structural foam 36 isdisposed between the structural member 34 and the inner frame member 38.

Next, as shown at S208 in FIG. 6, the structural foam 36 can be heated.As already described herein, the structural foam 36 can be heatactivated epoxy foam that expands and bonds to components in which it isin contact. The heating of the structural foam in S208 causes thestructural foam 36 to fully fill the gap distance between thereinforcement member 34 and the inner frame member 38 as shown in FIG.5D. In addition, as cured, the structural foam 36 bonds to thereinforcement member 34 and the inner frame member 38 thereby securingthe reinforcement member 34 and the inner frame member 38 together.Heating of the structural foam in S208 can additionally include heatingof the adhesive 64, 66, which can have the effect of curing the adhesive64, 66. In one embodiment, the heating in S208 occurs during the paintoven process in which the vehicle or at least the vehicle frame haspaint applied thereto that is then heated in a paint oven as is knownand understood by those skilled in the art.

Advantageously, temporarily attaching the reinforcement member 34 to theelongated frame member 32 via the clips 98 allows relative positioningof the reinforcement member 34 to remain intact until the structuralfoam 36 and/or the adhesive 64, 66 fully cures. Also advantageously, theexpanding structural foam 36 allows for complex gap conditions to bemanaged (i.e., allows for greater tolerance variations). Furtheradvantages of the foregoing assembly 30 and method include replacementof heavier stamped metal parts of the known assembly 10 with relativelylighter weight parts, such as the composite reinforcement member 34.Additionally, more tuning is available for an injection molded partversus a stamped part. Yet a further advantage is realized in that thegauge thickness of the remaining sheet metal parts can be reducedrelative to the known assembly 10 of FIG. 7. For example, the elongatedframe member 32 can be formed from an UHSS sheet having a gaugethickness of about 1 mm, the inner frame member 38 can be formed from anAHSS sheet having a gauge thickness of about 1.22 mm, and/or the outerframe member 44 can be formed of mild steel having a gauge thickness ofabout 0.7 mm, though alternate materials and/or gauge thicknesses can beused.

Illustrative methods of making the reinforcement member 34 are provided.Although described with respect to glass fibers, the fibers are notlimited to such and may be a different fiber or blends of one or moretypes of fibers.

In an non-limiting example, the reinforcement member 34 may be made byan injection molding process wherein pre-compounded resin pelletscontaining glass fibers are used. The glass fibers in the pellets havean average length of 1 mm to 20 mm. In another non-limiting example, theglass fibers in the pellet have an average length of 10 mm to 15 mm. Inanother non-limiting, the glass fibers have an average length of about 1mm to 3 mm. In a non-limiting example, the glass fibers in the resultingreinforcement member 34 have an average length of 0.1 mm to about 3 mm.In another non-limiting example, the glass fibers in the resultingreinforcement member 34 have an average length of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm, or0.5 mm to 1.5 mm.

In a non-limiting example as shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the reinforcementmember 34 may be made by an in-line compounding injection moldingprocess wherein the glass fibers are fed separate from the resinpellets. For example, as schematically shown, glass fibers can be fed at110 and resin pellets can be fed at 112 in FIG. 8A and glass fibers canbe fed at 114 and resin pellets can be fed at 116 in FIG. 8B. In anon-limiting example, the glass fibers fed to the process have anaverage length of about 40 mm to about 50 mm. In a non-limiting example,the glass fibers in the resulting reinforcement member 34 have anaverage length of 5 mm to 15 mm. In another non-limiting example, thepellets may contain glass fibers.

In a non-limiting example as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, a fabric 118 or120 may be provided in the mold prior to injection of the resin materialand glass fibers. The fabric 118 or 120 may include, but is not limitedto, glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, or mixtures thereof. Thefabric may be continuous, and may extend substantially the entire lengthand/or width of the part. In a non-limiting example, the fabric has athickness of 0.05 mm to 6.0 mm. The fabric 118 or 120 is placed in themold and is shaped during the closing of the injection mold. The resin(with or without glass fibers) is then injected in the mold to make thereinforcement member 34 or 334.

Typically, as shown in FIG. 10, a feed gate 122 for the production of aninjection molded part 124 is positioned at the center or middle of thepart 124 so that the resin may flow outward toward the ends. In anon-limiting example as shown in FIG. 11, the reinforcement member 34(or, alternatively, the reinforcement member 334) is produced bylocating a resin feed gate 126 at an end or side 128 of the elongatedbody of the reinforcement member 34.

For example, with additional reference to FIG. 12, the reinforcementmember 34 may be provided with a large diameter “D” extending along thelength of the reinforcement member 34 that is parallel or coaxial to thefeed gate 126, or at least substantially parallel or substantiallycoaxial to the feed gate 126 (e.g., the reinforcement member 34 can havea large radius of curvature that forms the reinforcement member with aslight curve shape). The diameter D is sized to retain fiber length andfiber orientation and may be directly gated. In a non-limiting example,the diameter D is about 1-7 mm. In another non-limiting example, thediameter D is about 4-5 mm. The diameter D may be the same size as thegate for feeding the resin to the mold, 75% of the size of the gate, or50% of the size of the gate. In a non-limiting example, the diameter Dis the apex 76 formed by the intersection of the lower wall 50 and theinner wall 54 as best shown in FIG. 4. Such arrangements provide overlapbetween the resin feed gate and the diameter D, which allows for thefibers to avoid (or at least reduce the occurrence of) being subjectedto shear and bending stresses. In other words, having the injection flowgate direction aligned with the apex 76 does not substantially disruptthe flow of the injecting resin thereby maximizing final fibercharacteristics.

In another non-limiting example as shown in FIG. 13, the reinforcementmember 34 (or, alternatively, the reinforcement member 334) is producedby locating at least two resin feed gates 130, 132 along thereinforcement member 34 and operating the at least two resin feed gates130, 132 sequentially. In particular, and only as a non-limitingexample, the feed gate 130 can be opened first to begin filling the moldand forming the reinforcement member 34 from the side 128 and thensubsequently (e.g., when the reinforcement member is partially formed)the feed gate 132 can be opened. In one non-limiting example, the feedgate 132 is opened after the reinforcement member 34 is at least 25%formed. In another non-limiting example, the feed gate 132 is openedafter the reinforcement member 34 is at least 33% formed. In a furthernon-limiting example, the feed gate 132 is opened after thereinforcement member 34 is near or at least 50% formed.

It will be appreciated that variations of the above-disclosed and otherfeatures and functions, or alternatives or varieties thereof, may bedesirably combined into many other different systems or applications.Also that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives,modifications, variations or improvements therein may be subsequentlymade by those skilled in the art which are also intended to beencompassed by the following claims.

1. An internal reinforcement comprising: an elongate body including abase positioned opposite a crown; a shelf extending along the crown, theshelf includes a surface positionable parallel to a first leg of aconcave frame structure; and a compressive member extending along thebase, the compressive member includes a first wall with a surfacepositionable parallel to a second leg of the concave frame structure. 2.The internal reinforcement of claim 1, wherein the elongate bodyincludes a first side positioned opposite a second side, the shelfextends outward from the first side and the first wall of thecompressive member extends outward from the second side.
 3. The internalreinforcement of claim 1, wherein the compressive member includes asecond wall and an energy absorbing structure extending between thefirst wall and the second wall.
 4. The internal reinforcement of claim3, wherein the energy absorbing structure is a honeycomb structure. 5.The internal reinforcement of claim 1, wherein the compressive memberincludes a second wall with an end extending from the base, and thefirst wall extends from the end of the second wall.
 6. The internalreinforcement of claim 1, wherein the elongate body includes an internalreinforcing material that is a fiber reinforced polymeric material. 7.The internal reinforcement of claim 1, wherein the internalreinforcement is a fiber reinforced polymeric material, and thecompressive member includes a second wall with an end extending from thebase, and the first wall extends from the end of the second wall, and anintersection of the first and second walls forms a large diameter toretain fiber length and preferred fiber orientation.
 8. The internalreinforcement of claim 1, wherein the internal reinforcement includes aplurality of reinforcements extending from the compressive member to theshelf.
 9. The internal reinforcement of claim 1, wherein a plurality ofreinforcements extend from the compressive member to the shelf at anangle oblique to an angle that the body extends from the compressivemember to the shelf.
 10. The internal reinforcement of claim 1, whereina plurality of reinforcements extend outward from a first side and asecond side of the elongate body.
 11. The vehicle frame structuralmember of claim 1, further comprising a drainage tube secured to thesecond side of the reinforcement.
 12. The vehicle frame structuralmember of claim 11, wherein the drainage tube extends from the secondside of the reinforcement and through the body to the first side of thereinforcement.
 13. A vehicle frame structural member assemblycomprising: an elongated structural member comprising: a concave framemember including a body with a first leg and a second leg extendingtherefrom; an inner frame member extending from the first leg to thesecond leg, an elongated frame member and the inner frame memberdefining a hollow chamber therein; a reinforcement positioned in thehollow chamber of the structural member and comprising: an elongate bodyincluding a base positioned opposite a crown; a shelf extending alongthe crown, the shelf includes a surface positioned parallel to the firstleg of the concave frame member; a compressive member extending alongthe base, the compressive member includes a first wall with a surfacepositioned parallel to the second leg of the concave frame member; afirst adhesive positioned between the shelf and the first leg; and asecond adhesive positioned between the first wall and the second leg.14. The vehicle frame structural member of claim 13, wherein the concaveframe member and the inner frame member are comprised of one or moreAdvanced High Strength Steel, Ultra High Strength Steel, 6000 seriesaluminum and 7000 series aluminum.
 15. The vehicle frame structuralmember of claim 13, wherein the reinforcement is a fiber containingpolymeric material.
 16. The vehicle frame structural member of claim 13,wherein the compressive member includes a second wall with an endextending from the base, and the first wall extends from the end of thesecond wall.
 17. The vehicle frame structural member of claim 16,wherein the second wall is positioned parallel to the inner framemember.
 18. The vehicle frame structural member of claim 16, furthercomprising a third adhesive positioned between the second wall and theinner frame member.
 19. The vehicle frame structural member of claim 16,wherein the second wall is positioned a first distance from the innerframe member, the shelf is positioned a second distance from the firstleg, and the first wall is positioned a third distance from the firstleg, and the first distance is greater than the second distance, and thefirst distance is greater than the third distance.
 20. The vehicle framestructural member of claim 13, wherein the elongate body includes afirst side positioned opposite a second side, the shelf extends outwardfrom the first side toward the inner frame member and the first wall ofthe compressive member extends outward from the second side.
 21. Thevehicle frame structural member of claim 13, wherein the compressivemember includes a second wall and an energy absorbing structureextending between the first wall and the second wall.
 22. The vehicleframe structural member of claim 21, wherein the energy absorbingstructure is a honeycomb structure.
 23. The vehicle frame structuralmember of claim 13, further comprising a drainage tube secured to thesecond side of the reinforcement.
 24. The vehicle frame structuralmember of claim 23, wherein the drainage tube extends from the secondside of the reinforcement and through the body to the first side of thereinforcement.
 25. A vehicle frame structural assembly, comprising: anelongated frame member; a fiber reinforced plastic reinforcement membercomplementarily positioned adjacent the elongated frame member forreinforcing the elongated frame member, and a structural foam overmoldedonto the reinforcement member.
 26. A vehicle frame structural memberassembly comprising: an elongated frame member; a fiber reinforcedplastic reinforcement member complementarily positioned adjacent theelongated frame member for reinforcing the elongated frame member, and astructural foam overmolded onto the reinforcement member, wherein thereinforcement member includes a base positioned opposite a crown, thebase adhered directly to the elongated frame member and spaced apartfrom an inner frame member by the structural foam, wherein the innerframe member mates with the elongated frame member to form a hollowelongated structure with the reinforcement member enclosed therein.